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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"s-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to break through 2 rupture, herniaface="Times New Roman Star"1 прорываться 2 прободение, грыжа


face="Times New Roman Star"bu"s- 1, bu"ser 2

face="Times New Roman Star"bo"s- 1





















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 84.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sum-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"noseface="Times New Roman Star"нос













face="Times New Roman Star"sъw|mza













face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 399, Егоров 181, Федотов 2, 24 (but not to tums?uk!). An isolated Chuvash form with possible external parallels.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ju:rtuface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hole, needle holeface="Times New Roman Star"ушко инструмента

face="Times New Roman Star"igne jurdusu 'ушко иглы'
face="Times New Roman Star"jurdu 'ушко иглы, стрелы, топора' (Pav. C.)








face="Times New Roman Star"s/ъrda 'ушко иглы, медали, промежуток для резинки на трусах'













face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 211, EDT 958 (sub jurt), Егоров 208, Федотов 2, 98.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Apylface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hoeface="Times New Roman Star"мотыга










face="Times New Roman Star"abylface="Times New Roman Star"abyl, dial. o:l (Leb.)





face="Times New Roman Star"abyl-qasym 'one of the pegs in a plough'








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 2. Despite late and sparse attestation hardly borrowed from Mong. - for semantic and phonetic reasons, despite Аникин 73.
face="Times New Roman Star"*yraface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"character, dispositionface="Times New Roman Star"характер, расположение

face="Times New Roman Star"yraface="Times New Roman Star"yraj (dial.)







face="Times New Roman Star"yra





face="Times New Roman Star"yraj





face="Times New Roman Star"yraj

face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 659-660.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Koturface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"scab, mangeface="Times New Roman Star"паршаface="Times New Roman Star"qotur (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"kotur (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qutyrface="Times New Roman Star"qotur (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo.tirface="Times New Roman Star"qotu(r)face="Times New Roman Star"qodurface="Times New Roman Star"Goturface="Times New Roman Star"Goturface="Times New Roman Star"xodyr
face="Times New Roman Star"qodur



face="Times New Roman Star"qodur
face="Times New Roman Star"qoturface="Times New Roman Star"qotyrface="Times New Roman Star"qotyrface="Times New Roman Star"qutyr

face="Times New Roman Star"qotur, qotyrface="Times New Roman Star"qotyr
face="Times New Roman Star"qoturface="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 6, 86-87, EDT 604.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"se-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to stir with a poker 2 pokerface="Times New Roman Star"1 помешивать кочергой 2 кочерга


face="Times New Roman Star"kise|w (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"se- (AH) 1, ku"segu" (IM) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"se|j 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"so"v 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"se- 1, kesevi 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"zes 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"zu":s? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"sek 'lever, stick'

face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ze- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"so"- 1, ko"so": 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"se- 1, ko"sew 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"se- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ket|e|w, ku"d|e|w, ku"t|e|k 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"sew 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ko"se- 1, ko"sew 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"sew 2face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 5, 119-121. The regular reflex would be expected as *go"se-; the shape ko"se- is probably due to the influence of *ko":r/ 'glowing coals' (cf. in MK: ko"ze- 'to stir with a poker').
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)as-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to constrict, tighten 2 brace joining the wheel hoop and its wooden part 3 block, tambour 4 iron hoop on a caskface="Times New Roman Star"1 затягивать, стягивать 2 скоба, соединяющая обод колеса и его деревянную часть 3 шкив, пяльцы 4 железный обод на бочке

face="Times New Roman Star"kas- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"qasno|g| (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qasa- 1, qasqan 'hoop of a tambourine'
face="Times New Roman Star"GasnaG, GasaG 3face="Times New Roman Star"Gas- 1, Gasn|aq 2face="Times New Roman Star"xas- (Sag., Koib.) 'to place the halter on the saddle bow'
face="Times New Roman Star"qasta- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"qa`sta- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qasas- 1, qasqan 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qasnaq 2



face="Times New Roman Star"qasnaq 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 5, 329-330.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kol/-lukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 iron arrow-head 2 arrow with iron headface="Times New Roman Star"1 железный наконечник стрелы 2 стрела с железным наконечником









face="Times New Roman Star"xosta 1, 2



face="Times New Roman Star"kustuk 2












face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 283. Turk. > Mansi kuo|s?lo|x. A Siberian word; but deriving it from *Kul/ 'bird' is hardly possible, despite Stachowski 162.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jelbeface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a k. of small birdface="Times New Roman Star"вид маленькой птички

face="Times New Roman Star"jelve
face="Times New Roman Star"ja"lva" (AH)




face="Times New Roman Star"jelbegej 'a k. of bird' (Верб.)
face="Times New Roman Star"d/elec?i 'titmouse'















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 196, TMN 4, 192.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bA:jk-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"owlface="Times New Roman Star"сова

face="Times New Roman Star"bajkus?; bajkara 'hawk'
face="Times New Roman Star"bajqus?, bajqyz



face="Times New Roman Star"ba:jGus?
face="Times New Roman Star"pajoq 'a k. of bird'







face="Times New Roman Star"bajg|yz







face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 57, ЭСТЯ 2, 32-33. Turk. > MMong. (ZM) beiqus?.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bekem
face="Times New Roman Star"wood hen










face="Times New Roman Star"pigem 'самка глухаря'face="Times New Roman Star"pegem 'самка глухаря'face="Times New Roman Star"pegem 'тетерев' (Баск. Леб.)















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 382.
face="Times New Roman Star"*y-na-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"thatface="Times New Roman Star"тот








face="Times New Roman Star"yna-ru


face="Times New Roman Star"y/na


face="Times New Roman Star"ynda `there', yndyg| 'such'face="Times New Roman Star"ynda `there'










face="Times New Roman Star"*okaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"gimpface="Times New Roman Star"позумент


face="Times New Roman Star"uqa














face="Times New Roman Star"oqoface="Times New Roman Star"oqaface="Times New Roman Star"oqaface="Times New Roman Star"uqaface="Times New Roman Star"oqa

face="Times New Roman Star"oqa

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 460. A local Kypchak word.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o":k-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to belch 2 to nauseateface="Times New Roman Star"1 рыгать 2 чувствовать тошноту

face="Times New Roman Star"o"ju"r- 1,2
face="Times New Roman Star"o"ki- (AH) 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"ji>- (dial.)


face="Times New Roman Star"o":ge- 2




face="Times New Roman Star"o"gu"j- 1












face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 503.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ykan(ak)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"elbow, forearmface="Times New Roman Star"локоть, предплечье


face="Times New Roman Star"cyg|anaq (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|anaq (Sangl., CCum., AH)face="Times New Roman Star"c?eka"na"k (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"z?|a"jna"kface="Times New Roman Star"c?ikenek

face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|anaxface="Times New Roman Star"s?yg|anaqface="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|anaq
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ike 'cubit'

face="Times New Roman Star"s?enekface="Times New Roman Star"c?e'hene|kface="Times New Roman Star"c?yqanaqface="Times New Roman Star"s?yg|anaq 'bay'face="Times New Roman Star"s?yg|anaqface="Times New Roman Star"syg|anaq (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?yna
face="Times New Roman Star"cyg|anaqface="Times New Roman Star"s?yg|anaq

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 96, EDT 404, Егоров 325, Лексика 249.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ap-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 big vessel, barrel, pail 2 basinface="Times New Roman Star"1 большой сосуд, бочка, чан, кадка 2 бассейн, яма для стока водыface="Times New Roman Star"c?opun 1 (OUygh., late - Suv.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?opul 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?apc?aq 1face="Times New Roman Star"sapc?aq (AH) (OKypch.)




face="Times New Roman Star"saban, sapc?ax 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?apc?aq 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?apc?aq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s/o"ps/e 1face="Times New Roman Star"sabaraj 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?opulaq 'spoon'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?apc?aq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?aps?aq 1face="Times New Roman Star"sapsaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?apc?aq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"capcaq, c?apc?aq 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?aps?aq 'wooden vessel for shaking up milk'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?apc?aq 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, ДТС 153, Егоров 223,Федотов 2, 148-149. Forms with -u- in the second syllable demonstrate vowel assimilation (c?opu- < *c?apu-). External parallels strongly suggest that the word is not derived from *c?ap- 'hit', but is an original noun.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a:t-al/c?-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to be mistaken, to errface="Times New Roman Star"ошибаться, заблуждаться


face="Times New Roman Star"adas?-face="Times New Roman Star"adas?-
face="Times New Roman Star"adas?-

face="Times New Roman Star"a:das?- (А-Б)








face="Times New Roman Star"adas?-face="Times New Roman Star"adas-face="Times New Roman Star"adas-face="Times New Roman Star"ad|as?-

face="Times New Roman Star"adas?-face="Times New Roman Star"adas-
face="Times New Roman Star"adas?-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 5. Strange reflexes of the medial consonant (voicing in Kypchak, d| in Bashk.) may somehow reflect the original cluster "resonant + stop".
face="Times New Roman Star"*er/enface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wormwoodface="Times New Roman Star"полынь













face="Times New Roman Star"arъm




face="Times New Roman Star"izen (R)







face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 48, Егоров 346, Федотов 1, 57-58. Turk. (Bulg.) > Hung. u"ro"m, see Gombocz 1912.
face="Times New Roman Star"*besface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hoar-frostface="Times New Roman Star"иней

face="Times New Roman Star"dial. besim, peseg|u", pesenface="Times New Roman Star"be|s









face="Times New Roman Star"pas






face="Times New Roman Star"ba"t|





face="Times New Roman Star"Лексика 37-38.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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